Resumo Reportamos um evento em que Caiman crocodilus consome o acari-bodó Pterygoplichthys pardalis. Uma lista de itens predados por C. crocodilus foi compilada da literatura, incluindo vertebrados e invertebrados consumidos por esta espécie. O evento de predação foi observado na margem de uma lagoa na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, localizada na cidade de Manaus, estado do Amazonas, Brasil, durante estudos de campo em 2020. A busca bibliográfica revelou 250 presas conhecidas para esta espécie de jacaré, sendo 150 invertebrados (89 Insecta, 24 Crustacea, 14 Mollusca, 10 Arachnida, 10 Myriapoda, 2 Annelida e 1 Platyhelminthes) e 100 vertebrados (53 peixes, 16 répteis, 11 anfíbios, 10 aves e 10 mamíferos). Entre os peixes, apenas três espécies de Siluriformes foram identificados como presas de C. crocodilus: Hoplosternum littorale, Clarias batrachus e Ameiurus nebulosus. Portanto, P. pardalis representa uma nova espécie de presa para C. crocodilus. Nossa observação de campo e revisão da literatura reforçam C. crocodilus como predador generalista, com peixes sendo os itens de maior importância entre os vertebrados, na dieta da espécie.

Abstract We report an event of a Caiman crocodilus consuming the catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis. A list of known prey items of C. crocodilus was also compiled from the literature, including known vertebrate and invertebrate items for this species. The predation event was observed at the margin of a lagoon in Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, located in the municipality of Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil, during a fieldwork study in 2020. The literature survey revealed 250 distinct prey items for this caiman, of which 150 are invertebrates (89 Insecta, 24 Crustacea, 14 Mollusca,10 Arachnida, 10 Myriapoda, 2 Annelida, and 1 Platyhelminthes) and 100 are vertebrates (53 fishes, 16 reptiles, 11 amphibians, 10 birds, and 10 mammals). Among fishes, only three Siluriformes have been taxonomically identified as C. crocodilus preys: Hoplosternum littorale, Clarias batrachus, and Ameiurus nebulosus. Therefore, the catfish P. pardalis represents a new prey specie for C. crocodilus. Our field observation and the presented literature review reinforce the view of C. crocodilus as a generalist predator, with fish as the most important vertebrate prey in the diet of this species.

ABSTRACT Bioacoustics is an effective way of recording detailed data during population surveys and monitoring. In the present study, we used an automated digital recorder (ADR) to describe the temporal variation in the calling activity of Scinax fuscomarginatus (Lutz, 1925) in central Brazil. We also evaluated the role of climatic variables (air temperature and precipitation) on calling activity by using a Generalized Additive Model (GAM). We conducted the recordings at five ponds in the Cerrado savanna of Rio Verde Municipality, in Goiás state between November 2013 and October 2014. The analysis of the 43.2 hours of acoustic recording showed that S. fuscomarginatus has a prolonged breeding pattern. The ADR provides a fine-scale description of the nocturnal calling pattern, as well as the oscillations between the rainy and dry seasons. The results of the analytical model also indicate that calling patterns were related to minimum (but not maximum) air temperatures and precipitation, which may be related to their reproductive and thermoregulatory requirements. Based on these findings, we conclude that the ADR method has potentially valuable applications for the collection of data on the natural history of anuran species, as well as supplying important insights for conservation initiatives.